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Abstract
The human faces of climate change exist on a continuum of forced and voluntary movement as a result of climatic factors. Of these, no group is more threatened by climate change than those in low-level small island developing states, henceforth SIDS, in what Gonzalez articulates as "sacrifice zones of both the fossil fuel economy and the emerging green energy economy". Due to multilateral failures in climate policy, international law, and climate adaptation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has significantly concluded that "reduced habitability of small islands is an overarching significant risk caused by a combination of several key risks facing most small islands even under a global temperature scenario of l .5°C' (IPCC, 2022).2As well as slow-onset sea level rise, cyclones, drought and flooding are already displacing small island individuals,2 and "small island states such as Kiribati and Tuvalu will become uninhabitable long before they physically disappear".