The Impact of Maternal Services on the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT): A Literature Review

Abstract

This paper provides a review of the available literature regarding prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) in sub-Saharan Africa. To narrow the focus of this broad subject, the review concentrates on antenatal care (ANC) and its effects on PMTCT. How do inadequate maternal services (antenatal clinics) affect the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa? The paper attempts to answer the question by focusing on peer-reviewed literature, as well as policy literature published from 2005 until now. The aim is to compare existing evidence on PMTCT with actual policy programs in order to evaluate any gaps between theory and practice. This was done through the examination of three recurrent themes identified while conducting research: 1) access and quality of ANC, 2) stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV/AIDS, and 3) knowledge and education available on HIV/AIDS.