Site coordinator and director of clinical education collaborative insights: assessing the value of site-specific clinical instructor professional development

Main Article Content

Alicia Rabena-Amen
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8631-3440
Fatema Ghani
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5997-4470

Abstract

Purpose: A clinical instructor (CI) training model where CIs self-identify topics for a director of clinical education (DCE) to address has not previously been investigated. The purposes of this study are to (1) investigate if CIs desire a visit to their clinical site from a DCE and (2) determine questions and concerns for which CIs would seek guidance from a DCE.


Methods: A cross-sectional, open-ended survey sent to 196 staff from a large company provided seven questions with an opportunity for respondents to ask questions of a DCE. Two evaluators independently analyzed text answers for theme identification using a specified coding framework.


Results: Seventy-three participants submitted the survey, receiving a 37% response rate. When asked if they would want a site visit from a DCE, 79% answered yes. There was a total of 85 responses to the question for the DCE to address. Three themes emerged from the open text answers: (1) CIs want training for managing unprofessional student behavior; (2) CIs desire for support of their teaching; and (3) CIs request for assistance in managing the student who is not progressing as expected.


Conclusion: The CIs value a site visit from a DCE for professional development. The CIs requested guidance for addressing unprofessional student behaviors, discussing effective teaching strategies, and managing students who are not progressing as expected. These themes highlight challenges, which can be addressed through DCE-led training during a planned site visit. Such training could help better equip CIs to supervise students effectively and enhance the overall experience as CIs.

References


1.
Hall M, Poth C, Manns P, et al. To supervise or not to supervise a physical therapist student: a national survey of Canadian physical therapists. Physiother Can (2016) 68(2): 141–148. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2014-88E


2.
Davies R, Hanna E, Cott C. ‘They put you on your toes’: physical therapists’ perceived benefits from and barriers to supervising students in the clinical setting. Physiother Can (2016) 3(2): 224. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2010-07


3.
Sevenhuysen SL, Haines T. The slave of duty: why clinical educators across the continuum of care provide clinical education in physiotherapy. Hong Kong Physiother J (2011) 29(2): 64. doi: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2011.06.002


4.
Wilkinson T, Myers K, Bayliss J, et al. Facilitators and barriers to providing clinical education experiences through the lens of clinical stakeholders. J of Phys Ther Educ (2023) 37(3): 193. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000280


5.
Rabena-Amen A, Raja B, Davenport T. Obstacles to physical therapy clinical instruction: a qualitative study of clinical instructors. Int J Allied Health Sci Pract (2024) 22(4): 11.


6.
Apke TL, Whalen M, Buford J. Effects of student physical therapists on clinical instructor productivity across settings in an academic medical center. Phys Ther (2020) 100(2): 209–216. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz148.


7.
Barrett EM, Belton A, Alpine LM. Supervision models in physiotherapy practice education: student and practice educator evaluations. Physiother Theory Pract (2019) 37(11): 1185. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1692393


8.
Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapist Education Handbook. Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapist Education Web site. Available from: https://www.capteonline.org/faculty-and-program-resources/resource_documents/accreditation-handbook. [cited 12 October 2024].


9.
American Council on Academic Physical Therapy, Clinical Education Glossary. American Council on Academic Physical Therapy Web site. Available from: https://acapt.org/glossary#:~:text=Clinical%20Instructor%20(CI)%20(PT,)%20post%2Dlicensure%20clinical%20experience [cited 3 December 2024].


10.
American Physical Therapy Association Credentialed Clinical Instructor Program Level I. American Physical Therapy Association Web site. Available from: https://www.apta.org/for-educators/clinical-education-development/ccip-level-1 [cited 24 October 2023].


11.
Housel N, Gandy J. Clinical instructor credentialing and its effect on student clinical performance outcomes J Phys Ther Educ (2008) 22(3): 43–51. doi: 10.1097/00001416-200810000-00006


12.
Housel N, Gandy J, Edmondson D. Clinical instructor credentialing and student assessment of clinical instructor effectiveness. J Phys Ther Educ (2010) 24(2): 26–34. doi: 10.1097/00001416-201001000-00004


13.
Wetherbee E, Nordrum JT, Giles S. Effective teaching behaviors of APTA-credentialed versus noncredentialed clinical instructors. J Phys Ther Educ (2008) 22(1): 65–74. doi: 10.1097/00001416-200801000-00010


14.
Recker-Hughes C, Dungey J, Miller S, et al. A Novel approach to clinical instructor professional development: a multi-session workshop with application of skills in a student standardized patient exam. J Phys Ther Educ (2015) 29(1): 49–59. doi: 10.1097/00001416-201529010-00009


15.
Greco JL, Hochman L, Jung M, et al. Clinical site visits: exploring the perspectives of the director of clinical education. J Phys Ther Educ (2021) 35(4): 330. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000200


16.
Hochman L, Silberman N, Jung M, et al. Clinical site visits: perspectives of clinical instructors and site coordinators of clinical education. J Phys Ther Educ (2023) 38(2): 150. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000314


17.
Palmer RJ, Rapport MJ. The effect of on-site visits from the physical therapy clinical instructor perspective: a mixed-methods approach. J Phys Ther Educ (2022) 36(3): 186. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000241


18.
Lo K, Curtis H, Keating JL, et al. Physiotherapy clinical educators’ perceptions of student fitness to practise. BMC Med Educ (2017) 17(1): 16. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0847-2


19.
Recker-Hughes C, Brooks HG, Mowder-Tinney JJ, et al. Clinical instructors’ perspectives on professional development opportunities: availability, preferences, barriers, and supports. J Phys Ther Educ (2010) 24(2): 19–25 doi: 10.1097/00001416-201001000-00003.


20.
Recker-Hughes C, Wetherbee E, Buccieri KM, et al. Essential characteristics of quality clinical education experiences: standards to facilitate student learning. J Phys Ther Educ (2014) 28: 48–55. doi: 10.1097/00001416-201400001-00009.


21.
Neubauer BE, Witkop CT, Varpio L. How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspect Med Educ (2019) 8(2): 90. doi: 10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2


22.
Hansen K, Świderska A. Integrating open- and closed-ended questions on attitudes towards outgroups with different methods of text analysis. Behav Res (2023) 56(5): 4802. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02218-x


23.
Baburajan V, E Silva JDA, Pereira FC. Open-ended versus closed-ended responses: a comparison study using topic modeling and factor analysis. IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst (2021) 22(4): 2123. doi: 10.1109/tits.2020.3040904


24.
Baburajan V, De Abreu E, Silva J, Camara Pereira F. Open vs closed-ended questions in attitudinal surveys -comparing, combining, and interpreting using natural language processing. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol (2022) 137: 103589. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2205.01317


25.
Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Research in Psych (2008) 3(2): 77. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa


26.
George D, Gallivan SP, Both A, et al. An exploration of support for clinical education partners. J Phys Ther Educ (2024) 38(2): 141. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000326


27.
Rabena-Amen AK, Goslinga T, Ghani F, et al. Student physical therapists’ perceptions of a first semester integrated clinical experience: a descriptive study integrated clinical experience: a descriptive study. Internet J All Health Sci Pract (2024) 22(2): 11. doi: 10.46743/1540-580X/2024.2495


28.
Recker-Hughes C, Padial C, Becker E, et al. Clinical site directors’ perspectives on clinical education. J Phys Ther Educ (2016) 30(3): 21–7. doi: 10.1097/00001416-201630030-00005


29.
Coleman-Ferreira K, Tovin M, Rone-Adams S, et al. Achieving clinical instructor competence: a phenomenological study of clinical instructors’ perspectives. J Phys Ther Educ (2024) 33(3): 224. doi: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000106

Article Details

Keywords:
physical therapy, clinical education, clinical instructor, site-coordinator, director of clinical education
Section
Original Research Articles
How to Cite
Rabena-Amen, A., & Ghani, F. (2026). Site coordinator and director of clinical education collaborative insights: assessing the value of site-specific clinical instructor professional development. The Journal of Clinical Education in Physical Therapy, 8. https://doi.org/10.52214/jcept.v8.13413